This study from Uganda finds that program phaseout does not diminish demand for improved seeds, as farmers shift purchases from NGO-sponsored village supply networks to market sources, indicating persistent learning effects.

A temporary subsidy for maize farmers in Mozambique stimulated Green Revolution technology adoption and led to increased maize yields. Social networks of subsidized farmers benefit from spillovers, experiencing increases in technology adoption, yields and beliefs about the returns to the technologies.

This study found that eligibility for an agricultural extension program in Uganda reduced the proportion of household members with malaria by 8.9 percentage points, with children and pregnant women experiencing substantial improvements.

This study from Ghana found that index insurance lowers overall demand for agricultural loans while farmers appear to prefer micro-level insurance over meso‐level insurance. The study also shows that farmers are willing to pay to avoid basis risk.

This paper's model of consumption and asset accumulation shows that a hybrid social protection policy, which devotes resources to funding “state of the world contingent transfers” (SWCTs) to vulnerable, but non-poor households in the wake of negative shocks, can result in lower rates of poverty in the medium term than does a conventional cash transfer policy.