This paper discusses the inequalities and challenges in building women’s resilience to climate change. Through the lenses of social-ecological systems and socio-cognitive constructs, the authors cite a number of barriers to women’s resilience capacities. Data from a 2022 mixed-methods survey in Uganda’s Alebtong and Isingiro districts shows savings group women score low on absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacity indices. The authors note that women are underserved by many resilience-building initiatives, and are underrepresented in fora where decisions that affect them are made. The paper argues that resilience programs must enhance women’s agency in order to be effective. The authors suggest that engagement in climate activism holds potential for women to build agency in advocating for climate justice, transforming social norms, and building their social resilience through community networks.